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微生物的作用
The role of microorganisms
生物脫硫過程中，起主要作用的是一些具有特殊代謝能力的微生物，如氧化亞鐵硫桿菌、排硫硫桿菌等。這些微生物能夠利用含硫化合物作為能源或硫源，進行生長和代謝活動。
In the process of biological desulfurization, microorganisms with special metabolic abilities play a major role, such as ferrous sulfide bacteria and sulfur releasing bacteria. These microorganisms can utilize sulfur-containing compounds as energy or sulfur sources for growth and metabolic activities.
有機硫的降解
Degradation of organic sulfur
對于有機硫化合物（如噻吩、二苯并噻吩等），微生物通過一系列復雜的酶促反應，將其結構中的硫原子轉(zhuǎn)化為無機硫，進而進行氧化去除。例如，在一些微生物作用下，二苯并噻吩首先被氧化為二苯并噻吩砜，然后進一步被降解為 2 - 羥基聯(lián)苯和硫酸鹽。
For organic sulfur compounds such as thiophene and dibenzothiophene, microorganisms use a series of complex enzymatic reactions to convert the sulfur atoms in their structure into inorganic sulfur, which is then oxidized and removed. For example, under the action of some microorganisms, dibenzothiophene is first oxidized to dibenzothiophene sulfone, and then further degraded into 2-hydroxybiphenyl and sulfate.
微生物代謝與能量獲取
Microbial Metabolism and Energy Acquisition
微生物在脫硫過程中，通過氧化含硫化合物獲取能量，用于自身的生長、繁殖和代謝活動。同時，微生物利用環(huán)境中的碳源、氮源等營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，合成細胞物質(zhì)，維持自身的生命活動。
Microorganisms obtain energy through the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds during the desulfurization process, which is used for their own growth, reproduction, and metabolic activities. Meanwhile, microorganisms utilize nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen sources in the environment to synthesize cellular substances and maintain their own life activities.
總之，生物脫硫是利用微生物的代謝特性，將有害的含硫化合物轉(zhuǎn)化為無害或可回收利用的物質(zhì)，從而達到脫硫的目的。這種方法具有環(huán)境友好、成本較低、效率較高等優(yōu)點，在工業(yè)廢氣、廢水處理以及煤炭等化石燃料的脫硫領域具有廣泛的應用前景。
In short, biological desulfurization utilizes the metabolic characteristics of microorganisms to convert harmful sulfur-containing compounds into harmless or recyclable substances, thereby achieving the goal of desulfurization. This method has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low cost, and high efficiency, and has broad application prospects in the fields of industrial waste gas, wastewater treatment, and desulfurization of fossil fuels such as coal.
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